[Solved] Endocrine System MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Endocrine System Quiz - Download Now! (2023)

1. Parotid gland
2. Apocrine sweat gland
3. Pineal gland
4. Ebner’s gland

The correct answer isPineal gland.

Key Points

• Pineal glandis the smallest gland in the human body with a lengthof about 5-8 mm.
• It is located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain.
• The gland produces melatonin and serotonin and is, therefore, responsible for modulating sleep patterns.

Additional Information

• Largest gland of the human body - Liver
• The smallest exocrine gland - Goblet cell
• The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.
• Apocrine sweat glandsare usually associated with hair follicles, continuously secrete a fatty sweat into the gland tubule.
• The parotid gland is a bilateral salivary gland located in the face.
• Ebner glands, also known as serous glands, are minor salivary glands located on both sides of your oral cavity toward the back of your tongue.

1. Hypothalamus and thymus
2. Pituitary and parathyroid
3. Thyroid and pineal
4. Hypothalamus and pineal

The correct answer isHypothalamus and pineal.

• Only three endocrine glands are located in the region of the brain are the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland.

Key Points

• The hypothalamus is the basal part of the diencephalon of the forebrain.
• It contains a hormone of stimulating and inhibiting the pituitary.
• The pituitary gland is also located at the base part of the brain region just below the hypothalamus and joined together whereas the pineal gland is present in the very deep region where two halves of the brain join together.
• This area is present in the middle of the brain known as the epithalamus.
• It secretes melatonin which functions during the darkness and sends information of night.

1. Salivary Gland
2. Digestive Gland
3. Pituitary Gland
4. Sweat Gland

The correct answer isPituitary Gland.

• Pituitary Glandis an Endocrine gland in the human body.
  • It is also known as the master gland.

Key Points

• A Gland is calledthe endocrine gland when it secretes hormonesdirectly into the bloodstream.
• Endocrine:End means no duct required and the hormones go directly into the blood.
• Examples:Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, etc.

Additional Information

• The glands which have ducts through which enzymes pass are known as the Exocrine Glands.
• Exocrine: Exo means external help is needed, that is the hormones go through the duct.
• Examples:Digestive Gland, Salivary Gland, Sweat gland, etc.

1. Adrenal gland
2. Thyroid gland
3. Thymus gland
4. Corpus luteum

The correct answer is​Adrenal gland

Key Points

• The adrenal glands are small glands located on top of eachkidney.
• The adrenal cortex produces several hormones.
• The most important are aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), cortisol (a glucocorticoid), and androgens and estrogen (sex hormones).
• These hormones help regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.

Additional Information

• Thyroid gland:​
  • It produces hormones that regulate the body'smetabolic rate-controllinglike heart, muscle, and digestive function, brain development and bone maintenance.
  • Its goodfunctioning dependson agood supply of iodinefrom the diet.
• Thymus gland:​
  • Thethymusis a lobed organ situated near the heart and, beneath the breastbone.
  • It is quite large at the time of birth but it gradually gets reduced with age.
  • Thethymus provides the micro-environment needed for the maturation & development of T-lymphocytes.
  • The T-lymphocyte cells originate in the bone marrow but migrate or move to the thymus for maturation & development, henceif the thymus gland is removed from the newborn baby T-lymphocyte cells will not form.
• Corpus luteum:
  • ​Thefollicular cell is known as the corpus luteum.
  • The Corpus luteumis afollicular cell and gets filledwith a yellowpigment called lutein.

1. Thyroxin
2. Adrenaline
3. Insulin
4. Testosterone

• The hormone released from testes is Testosterone.
• Testosterone is the male sex hormone.
• It plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate.
• It also increases the growth of body hair.

1. Pineal gland
2. Pituitary gland
3. Hypothalamus
4. Adrenal gland

Concept:

• Growth hormone is released into thebloodstream from the anterior pituitary gland.
• The pituitary gland also produces other hormones that have different functions from growth hormone.
• Growth hormone is produced bythe pituitary gland.
  • It has many functions including maintaining normal body structure and metabolism.
  • It is a small pea-sizedglandthat plays a major role in regulating vital body functions.
  • It is also referred to as the'mastergland'of the human body as itcontrols the activity of most of theother hormone-secretingglands.

Important Points

Pineal gland:

• The Pineal gland is situated in the middle of the human brain and it is the major site of the body'sMelatoninproduction which is usually secreted in the darkness and thus is sometimes referred to asthe “Dracula of hormones”.
• Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It is sometimes consumed from external sourcesby mouth to adjust the body's internal clock, as well as its external supplements,arecommonly used for insomnia and improving sleep in different conditions.

Hypothalamus:

• To maintain homeostasis, the hypothalamus is responsible for creating or controlling many hormones in the body. The hypothalamus works with the pituitary gland, which makes and sends other important hormones around the body.

Adrenal gland:

• Adrenalinehormone is secreted by the adrenal glands in the centre of the medulla.
• The main function of adrenaline is to produce contraction of the spleen so as to store the blood, increase heartbeat and sweating, reducing the blood clotting period, and pupillarydilation.

1. Pituitary
2. Adrenal
3. Pancreas
4. Hypothalamus

The correct answer is Option 1, i.e Pituitary.

• The Pituitary gland,also known as ‘master gland’, is an endocrine gland.
• A gland is called endocrine gland when it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
• The pituitary gland is called master gland as most of its hormones control the activity ofother endocrine glands.
• It produces growth hormones, prolactin, TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone), etc.

1. Pancreas
2. Liver
3. Salivary glands
4. Intestinal glands

The correct answer isPancreas.

Key Points

• The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland.
• The pancreas performs both an endocrine as well as exocrine function.
• As an endocrine gland, it helps to regulate blood sugar levelsand aids the secretion of hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
• It also functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct.
• Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
• It is responsible for allowing glucose in the blood to enter cells, providing them with the energy to function.

Additional Information

1. Prolactin
2. Cortisol
3. Progesterone
4. Melatonin

The correct answer isMelatonin.

• Melatonin hormone plays an important role in the regulation of 24-hour rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle.
• It is also involved in the pigmentation of the skin, menstrual cycle, and metabolism.
• It also controls the cardiac rhythms of our body.
• Its increased secretion promotes healthy sleeping.
• This hormone delays puberty and affects the menstrual cycle.

Key Points

• Prolactin is the hormone of the anterior pituitary which stimulates the production of milk and also develops the mammary gland.
• Progesterone maintains the pregnancy and is involved in female sexual characteristics development and cortisol response against stress and also stimulates the formation of RBC.
• Cortisol is called the "stress hormone" because of its connection to the stress response.Cortisol is one of the steroid hormones and is made in the adrenal glands.

1. Adrenaline
2. Growth hormone
3. Insulin
4. Thyroxin

The Correct Answer is Growth hormone.

Key Points

• Growth hormone is released into the bloodstream from the anterior pituitary gland.
• This is controlled by two other hormones that are released from the hypothalamus (a part of the brain): growth hormone-releasing hormone, which stimulates the pituitary to release growth hormone, and somatostatin, which inhibits that release.

Important Points

• The pituitary gland is also called the master gland,controls the function of most other endocrine glands.
• The pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, produces a number of hormones.
• Each of these hormones affects a specific part of the body (a target organ or tissue).

Additional Information

• Adrenaline is produced both by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata.
• Its major action, together with noradrenaline, is to prepare the body for 'fight or flight'.
• Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
• Insulinregulates the blood glucose level in the body.
• Thyroxin hormone is produced by the thyroid gland.
• This hormone increases themetabolic rate and so regulatesgrowth and development.

1. Medulla
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus
4. Cerebellum

The correct answer is Hypothalamus.

• In size, Hypothalamus is almost like the size of an almond.
• It is present in the centre of the human brain.
• The structure of the hypothalamus is made up of three main regions:
  • The anteriorregion, the Middle region, Posterior region.

Key Points

• The main functionsof the hypothalamus are:-​
  • Maintaining the body’s internal balance,
  • It also connects the endocrine and the nervous system,
  • It is involved in Childbirth, Emotions, Sleep cycles, Balancing body fluids, Appetite and thirst control, Blood pressure, and heart rate.

• Hormones secreted by Hypothalamus:-
  • Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, Oxytocin, Somatost​.

Additional Information

1. Liver
2. Heart
3. Kidney
4. Brain

The correct answer is Liver

Key Points

• The liver is thelargest Exocrine gland in the body.
• It weighs about1.5 kg.
• It is situated on theright side of the body.
• Many toxic waste products, as well as excretory products, are produced in the liver.
• It alsoproduces proteins like Prothrombin and Fibrinogen and Vitamins like A, D, K, and B12.
• Heparin, Urea, and Bile Juiceare produced in the liver.
• The liver isonly present in Vertebrate animals.
• Iron is stored in the liver in the form of 'Ferritin' while glucose is stored in the form of "Glycogen".
• "Kupffer cells work as a scavenger for micro-organismsin the liver and also help in eliminating toxic substances.
• Waste products such as Urea, Uric Acid, Creatine, and Bilirubin are produced in the liver.
• Many factors such as Bile Juice, fatty acids cholesterol, phospholipids and also 50% of lymph in the body are produced by the Liver only.
• Most of the metabolic processes in the body such asGlycogenesis (conversion of Glucose to Glycogen), Glycogenolysis(conversion of Glycogen to Glucose), Gluconeogenesis(formation of Glucose from noncarbohydrate substance), Deamination(conversion of ammonia to Urea) are carried out in the liver, that's why liver is considered as 'Busy Organ'.
• The liver is supplied byboth oxygenated as well as deoxygenated blood.
• The rate of blood supply to the liver is 1500ml/min.(1000ml deoxygenated +500ml oxygenated).
• The artery providing blood supply to the liver is known as the Hepatic artery.
• The major supply of blood to the liver is by 'portal vein'(75%) & the remaining (25%) by the Hepatic artery. That is why theliver is known to have a 'Dual blood supply.
• Maximum blood is stored in 'liver' in human beings while in frogs it is stored maximally in the 'Spleen'.

1. Thyroxin
2. Parathyroid
3. Thymosin
4. Adrenaline

Concept-

• Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals.
• A physical change occurs in the body by certain chemical substances are called hormones.
• The hormone is secreted by the endocrine glands into the blood.

Explanation-

• Adrenaline hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland.
• When we get angry or before the result declaration, our heartbeats fasts, blood pressure increases.
• Adrenaline prepares our body to face such a type of crisis.

Additional Information

1. Bile
2. Salive
3. Intestinal juice
4. Gastric juice

The correct answer is Bile.

Key Points

• Bile is a uniqueandvital aqueoussecretion of the liver.
• Bile is a fluidthat ismade and releasedby theliver and stored in the gallbladder.
• Bilehelps withdigestion.
• Bilehas no digestive enzyme.
• It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract.
• Bile contains:
  • Mostly cholesterol
  • Bile acids (also called bile salts)
  • Bilirubin (a breakdown product of red blood cells)

Additional Information

• Salivary amylase is an enzyme present in human saliva which is produced by the salivary glands.
• Gastric Juice containsdigestive enzymes pepsin and rennin.
• Intestinal enzyme:
  • ​Maltase: Converts maltose into glucose.
  • Lactase: Convert Lactose into glucose and galactose
  • Sucrase: It converts Sucrose into fructose and glucose.

1. Parathormone
2. Testosterone
3. Adrenaline
4. Insulin

The correct answer isAdrenaline.

Key Points

• Adrenaline hormoneis secreted by theadrenal gland.
• Adrenaline hormonesare rapidly secreted in response to stress of any kind and during emergency situations and are calledemergency hormonesorhormones of FightorFlight.
• When we get angry or in any stressful situation, our heart beatsfast,blood pressureincreases, this is due to the adrenaline rush into the bloodstream.
• Adrenalineprepares our bodies to face such a type of crisis.

Additional Information

1. heartbeat
2. blood pressure
3. both of these
4. None of these

Concept-

• Hormonesare non-nutrient chemicals.
• A physical change occurs in the body by certain chemical substances are calledhormones.
• Thehormoneis secreted by theendocrine glandsinto the blood.

Explanation-

• Adrenaline hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland.
• Adrenaline hormonesare rapidly secreted in response to stress of any kind and during emergency situations and are called emergency hormones or hormones of Fightor Flight.
• When we get angry or in any stressful situation, ourheartbeatsfasts,blood pressureincreases this is due to the adrenaline rush into the bloodstream.
• Adrenalineprepares our body to face such a type of crisis.

Additional Information

1. Thyroid Gland
2. Pineal Gland
3. Adrenal glands
4. Pituitary gland

The correct answer is Pituitary Gland.

Key Points

• The pituitary gland controls the functioning of other endocrine glands. The pituitary is often called the master gland because its hormones control another part of the endocrine system like thyroid glands, ovaries, and testes.
• The pituitary gland has two parts which are the anterior lobe and posterior lobe. Both parts have separate functions.This gland is located at the base of the brain and it isone-third of an inch diameter.

Additional Information

• The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland and it is located in the base of the throat. It releases hormones that control metabolism. It is 2 inches long. The thyroid is part of the endocrine system which is made up of glands. This gland uses iodine from the food we eat.
• The pineal gland is a small pea-shaped gland. it is located in the brain.it is called the third eye. It is about one-third inch long and its color is a reddish-grey gland. The pineal gland often appears in X-rays.
• The adrenal glands are small glands. It is located on top of each kidney.

1. Blood
2. Spinal fluid
3. Arteries of the heart
4. Ducts

Concept:

• Hormonesare non-nutrient chemicals.
• A physical change occurs in the body by certain chemical substances are calledhormones.
• Thehormoneis secreted by theendocrine glandsinto the blood,
• The location of various gland in the human body is as shown in the below diagram.

1. Liver gland
2. Pituitary gland
3. Thyroid gland
4. Adrenal gland

The correct answer isPituitary gland.

Key Points

• Growth hormones are also known as somatotropin which is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
• Growth Hormones function sometimes as growth promoters and sometimes as growth inhibitors.
• It is important for normal physical growth in children.
• It is also responsible for stimulating the growth of all tissues of the body including bones.

Additional Information

• The liversecretes bile which helps in the emulsification of fats.
• TheThyroidglandis anendocrineglandi.e, releases hormones directly into the blood.
  • Itproducesthyroxine hormone(T4) andtriiodothyronine hormone(T3).
• The adrenal glands are small glands located on top of each kidney.
  • The adrenal cortex produces several hormones.
  • The most important are aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), cortisol (a glucocorticoid), and androgens and estrogen (sex hormones).

1. Oxytocin
2. Saliva
3. Thyroxine
4. Vasopressin

Concept:

• Exocrine glands: The glands which secrete substances on the epithelial surface through the ducts are called exocrine glands. Eg. sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, prostate, and mucous glands.
• Endocrine glands: The glands which secrete hormones and other substances directly into the bloodstream are called endocrine glands. Eg. Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Thymus, Gonads, etc.

Explanation:

• Saliva is an exocrine secretion of the salivary glands.
• There are 4 pairs of salivary glands in mammals:

1. Infra-orbital glands: Situated below the eye orbit. Ducts of these glands open into the upper-jaw near the 2^ndmolar teeth.
2. Parotid-glands: These are the largest salivary glands. Situated below the auditory-capsule (ear). Their ducts called Parotid duct/Stenson's duct that open in the buccal-vestibule.
3. Submaxillary glands: Situated at the junction of the upper and the lower jaw. Their duct called Wharton's duct open in the lower jaw just behind the incisor teeth.
4. Sublingual glands: These are the smallest salivary glands situated in the lower jaw. Their ducts called Ducts of Rivinus open in the buccopharyngeal cavity on the ventral side of the tongue.

Additional Information

• Oxytocin: It is an endocrine gland secretion. It is also known as the birth hormone. It stimulates uterine contraction during the time of childbirth.
• Thyroxine: It is an endocrine secretion of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland requires 120 microgram Iodine per day for the production of thyroxineIt regulates the basal metabolic rate of the body.
• Vasopressin: Also called Antidiuretic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It mainly acts on the kidney and stimulates the reabsorption of water by the distal convoluted tubules and thereby reduces the loss of water through urine (Diuresis) so-called antidiuretic hormone